Pharmacology of major drug classes used to manage gastroenterological conditions
IBD drug classes
| Class | Agents | Target |
|---|---|---|
| 5-ASA | Mesalazine, sulfasalazine, olsalazine, balsalazide | Local mucosal PPAR-gamma / NF-kB |
| Corticosteroid | Prednisolone; budesonide (ileal-release, MMX) | Broad |
| Thiopurine | Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine | Purine synthesis; Rac1 -> T-cell apoptosis |
| Antimetabolite | Methotrexate | DHFR; adenosine release |
| Calcineurin inhibitor | Ciclosporin, tacrolimus | IL-2 transcription |
| Anti-TNF | Infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab | TNF-alpha |
| Anti-integrin | Vedolizumab | alpha4beta7 - gut-selective |
| Anti-IL-12/23 | Ustekinumab | p40 subunit |
| Anti-IL-23 | Risankizumab, mirikizumab, guselkumab | p19 subunit |
| JAK inhibitor | Tofacitinib, upadacitinib, filgotinib | JAK1 +/- 3 |
| S1P modulator | Ozanimod, etrasimod | Lymphocyte egress from nodes |
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